考虑一个结构化的特征数据集,例如$ \ {\ textrm {sex},\ textrm {compy},\ textrm {race},\ textrm {shore} \} $。用户可能希望在特征空间观测中集中在哪里,并且它稀疏或空的位置。大稀疏或空区域的存在可以提供软或硬特征约束的域知识(例如,典型的收入范围是什么,或者在几年的工作经验中可能不太可能拥有高收入)。此外,这些可以建议用户对稀疏或空区域中的数据输入的机器学习(ML)模型预测可能是不可靠的。可解释的区域是一个超矩形,例如$ \ {\ textrm {rame} \ in \ {\ textrm {black},\ textrm {white} \} \} \} \&$ $ \ {10 \ leq \ :\ textrm {体验} \:\ leq 13 \} $,包含满足约束的所有观察;通常,这些区域由少量特征定义。我们的方法构造了在数据集中观察到的特征空间的基于观察密度的分区。它与其他人具有许多优点,因为它适用于原始域中的混合类型(数字或分类)的特征,也可以分开空区域。从可视化可以看出,所产生的分区符合人眼可能识别的空间分组;因此,结果应延伸到更高的尺寸。我们还向其他数据分析任务展示了一些应用程序,例如推断M1模型误差,测量高尺寸密度可变性以及治疗效果的因果推理。通过分区区域的超矩形形式可以实现许多这些应用。
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Neural Representations have recently been shown to effectively reconstruct a wide range of signals from 3D meshes and shapes to images and videos. We show that, when adapted correctly, neural representations can be used to directly represent the weights of a pre-trained convolutional neural network, resulting in a Neural Representation for Neural Networks (NeRN). Inspired by coordinate inputs of previous neural representation methods, we assign a coordinate to each convolutional kernel in our network based on its position in the architecture, and optimize a predictor network to map coordinates to their corresponding weights. Similarly to the spatial smoothness of visual scenes, we show that incorporating a smoothness constraint over the original network's weights aids NeRN towards a better reconstruction. In addition, since slight perturbations in pre-trained model weights can result in a considerable accuracy loss, we employ techniques from the field of knowledge distillation to stabilize the learning process. We demonstrate the effectiveness of NeRN in reconstructing widely used architectures on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet. Finally, we present two applications using NeRN, demonstrating the capabilities of the learned representations.
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Strategic test allocation plays a major role in the control of both emerging and existing pandemics (e.g., COVID-19, HIV). Widespread testing supports effective epidemic control by (1) reducing transmission via identifying cases, and (2) tracking outbreak dynamics to inform targeted interventions. However, infectious disease surveillance presents unique statistical challenges. For instance, the true outcome of interest - one's positive infectious status, is often a latent variable. In addition, presence of both network and temporal dependence reduces the data to a single observation. As testing entire populations regularly is neither efficient nor feasible, standard approaches to testing recommend simple rule-based testing strategies (e.g., symptom based, contact tracing), without taking into account individual risk. In this work, we study an adaptive sequential design involving n individuals over a period of {\tau} time-steps, which allows for unspecified dependence among individuals and across time. Our causal target parameter is the mean latent outcome we would have obtained after one time-step, if, starting at time t given the observed past, we had carried out a stochastic intervention that maximizes the outcome under a resource constraint. We propose an Online Super Learner for adaptive sequential surveillance that learns the optimal choice of tests strategies over time while adapting to the current state of the outbreak. Relying on a series of working models, the proposed method learns across samples, through time, or both: based on the underlying (unknown) structure in the data. We present an identification result for the latent outcome in terms of the observed data, and demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed strategy in a simulation modeling a residential university environment during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Open World Object Detection (OWOD) is a new and challenging computer vision task that bridges the gap between classic object detection (OD) benchmarks and object detection in the real world. In addition to detecting and classifying seen/labeled objects, OWOD algorithms are expected to detect novel/unknown objects - which can be classified and incrementally learned. In standard OD, object proposals not overlapping with a labeled object are automatically classified as background. Therefore, simply applying OD methods to OWOD fails as unknown objects would be predicted as background. The challenge of detecting unknown objects stems from the lack of supervision in distinguishing unknown objects and background object proposals. Previous OWOD methods have attempted to overcome this issue by generating supervision using pseudo-labeling - however, unknown object detection has remained low. Probabilistic/generative models may provide a solution for this challenge. Herein, we introduce a novel probabilistic framework for objectness estimation, where we alternate between probability distribution estimation and objectness likelihood maximization of known objects in the embedded feature space - ultimately allowing us to estimate the objectness probability of different proposals. The resulting Probabilistic Objectness transformer-based open-world detector, PROB, integrates our framework into traditional object detection models, adapting them for the open-world setting. Comprehensive experiments on OWOD benchmarks show that PROB outperforms all existing OWOD methods in both unknown object detection ($\sim 2\times$ unknown recall) and known object detection ($\sim 10\%$ mAP). Our code will be made available upon publication at https://github.com/orrzohar/PROB.
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这项研究表明,预期和实际相互作用如何影响老年人的SAR量化量化。这项研究包括两个部分:在线调查,可通过视频观看SAR和接受研究的验收研究来探索预期的交互作用,其中老年人与机器人进行了互动。这项研究的两个部分均在Gymmy的帮助下完成,这是一种机器人系统,我们的实验室开发了用于培训老年人身体和认知活动的培训。两个研究部分都表现出相似的用户响应,表明用户可以通过预期的互动来预测SAR的接受。索引术语:衰老,人类机器人互动,老年人,质量评估,社会辅助机器人,技术接受,技术恐惧症,信任,用户体验。
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体育活动对于健康和福祉很重要,但只有很少的人满足世界卫生组织的体育活动标准。机器人运动教练的开发可以帮助增加训练的可及性和动力。用户的接受和信任对于成功实施这种辅助机器人至关重要。这可能会受到机器人系统和机器人性能的透明度的影响,尤其是其失败。该研究对与任务,人,机器人和相互作用(T-HRI)相关的透明度水平进行了初步研究,并进行了相应调整的机器人行为。在一部分实验中,机器人性能失败允许分析与故障有关的T-HRI水平的影响。在机器人性能中遇到失败的参与者表现出比没有经历这种失败的人的接受程度和信任水平要低。此外,T-HRI级别和参与者群体之间的接受度量存在差异,这暗示了未来研究的几个方向。
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社交机器人已被用来以各种方式来协助心理健康,例如帮助自闭症儿童改善其社交技能和执行功能,例如共同关注和身体意识。他们还用于通过减少孤立和孤独感,并支持青少年和儿童的心理健康来帮助老年人。但是,这一领域的现有工作仅通过社交机器人对人类活动的互动响应来帮助他们学习相关技能,从而通过社交机器人表现出对心理健康的支持。我们假设人类还可以通过与社交机器人释放或分享其心理健康数据来从社交机器人那里获得帮助。在本文中,我们提出了一项人类机器人相互作用(HRI)研究,以评估这一假设。在为期五天的研究中,共有五十五名(n = 55)的参与者与社交机器人分享了他们的内在情绪和压力水平。我们看到大多数积极的结果表明,值得在这个方向上进行未来的工作,以及社会机器人在很大程度上支持心理健康的潜力。
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该卷包含来自机器学习挑战的选定贡献“发现玛雅人的奥秘”,该挑战在欧洲机器学习和数据库中知识发现的欧洲挑战赛曲目(ECML PKDD 2021)中提出。遥感大大加速了古代玛雅人森林地区的传统考古景观调查。典型的探索和发现尝试,除了关注整个古老的城市外,还集中在单个建筑物和结构上。最近,已经成功地尝试了使用机器学习来识别古代玛雅人定居点。这些尝试虽然相关,但却集中在狭窄的区域上,并依靠高质量的空中激光扫描(ALS)数据,该数据仅涵盖古代玛雅人曾经定居的地区的一小部分。另一方面,由欧洲航天局(ESA)哨兵任务制作的卫星图像数据很丰富,更重要的是公开。旨在通过执行不同类型的卫星图像(Sentinel-1和Sentinel-2和ALS)的集成图像细分来定位和识别古老的Maya架构(建筑物,Aguadas和平台)的“发现和识别古代玛雅体系结构(建筑物,Aguadas和平台)的挑战的“发现和识别古老的玛雅体系结构(建筑物,阿吉达斯和平台)的“发现玛雅的奥秘”的挑战, (LIDAR)数据。
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在处理表格数据时,基于回归和决策树的模型是一个流行的选择,因为与其他模型类别相比,它们在此类任务上提供了高精度及其易于应用。但是,在图形结构数据方面,当前的树学习算法不提供管理数据结构的工具,而不是依靠功能工程。在这项工作中,我们解决了上述差距,并引入了图形树(GTA),这是一个新的基于树的学习算法,旨在在图形上操作。 GTA既利用图形结构又利用了顶点的特征,并采用了一种注意机制,该机制允许决策专注于图形的子结构。我们分析了GTA模型,并表明它们比平原决策树更具表现力。我们还在多个图和节点预测基准上证明了GTA的好处。在这些实验中,GTA始终优于其他基于树的模型,并且通常优于其他类型的图形学习算法,例如图形神经网络(GNNS)和图核。最后,我们还为GTA提供了一种解释性机制,并证明它可以提供直观的解释。
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视频异常分析是在计算机视觉领域积极执行的一项核心任务,其应用程序扩展到了监视录像中现实世界中的犯罪检测。在这项工作中,我们解决了与人有关的犯罪分类的任务。在我们提出的方法中,用作骨骼关节轨迹的视频框架中的人体被用作探索的主要来源。首先,我们介绍了扩展HR-Crime数据集的地面真相标签的意义,因此提出了一种监督和无监督的方法,以生成轨迹级别的地面真相标签。接下来,鉴于轨迹级的地面真相的可用性,我们引入了基于轨迹的犯罪分类框架。消融研究是通过各种体系结构和特征融合策略来代表人类轨迹进行的。进行的实验证明了任务的可行性,并为该领域的进一步研究铺平了道路。
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